Ulwazi Ngama-Visa Okusebenza, Ukufunda noma Ukuhambela Kwelinye Izwe
Iyini i-visa?
I-visa yidokhumenti yokuvakasha esemthethweni evumela umuntu wangaphandle ukuthi angene, ahlale futhi ashiye izwe phakathi nesikhathi esithile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-visa, okuhlanganisa ama-visa ezokuthutha, ama-visa wokuvakashela, kanye ne-visa yomsebenzi nokufunda. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-visa lunezidingo nemibandela yalo. Isibonelo, i-visa yezokuthutha idinga ukuthi umfakisicelo abe nepasipoti evumelekile kanye nobufakazi bohambo oluya phambili.
Isampula ye-visa yokuhamba evumelekile
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku I-Canada visa isampula yesithombe esingenhla, i-visa yokuhamba evumelekile ngokuvamile iqukethe isitika se-visa, idokhumenti yakho yokuhamba (isb, ipasipoti), igama lakho, isithombe sakho, ubude besikhathi se-visa, noma ukuthi ungahlala isikhathi esingakanani kokufakiwe okukodwa noma okuningi, nolunye ulwazi olufana nezwe elikhiphile kanye Nenxusa noma Inxusa lapho ufake isicelo se-visa.
I-visa yomsebenzi ingase idinge umfakisicelo ukuthi anikezwe umsebenzi kumqashi omxhasayo, kuyilapho i-visa yabafundi ingase idinge ukuthi umfakisicelo abhalise esikhungweni semfundo. Izidingo ezithile zincike ohlotsheni lwe-visa kanye nezwe eliyikhiphile, futhi izicelo ze-visa zingenziwa ku-inthanethi, ehhovisi lenxusa, noma kwinxusa. Amanye ama-visa e-eTA angatholakala ezikhumulweni zezindiza; amanye amazwe anikezela ngama-visa lapho efika izakhamuzi zamazwe afanelekile.
Indaba Ngama-Visa Okuvakasha
Kunesikhathi, kudala lapho abantu babengahamba ngokukhululeka besuka kwelinye izwe beya kwelinye ngaphandle kwemingcele. Nokho, njengoba umhlaba ukhula uxhumene ngokwengeziwe, kwaba sobala ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe okuthile ukuze kulawulwe ukunyakaza kwabantu. Ngakho, idokhumenti ye-visa yokuhamba yazalwa 420 BC. Ngokukhethekile, i-visa yokuqala yanikezwa uNehemiya eBhayibhelini lesiHeberu phakathi nohambo lokuya eJudiya laseJerusalema.
Eminye imicimbi ephawulekayo emlandweni wama-visa nezimvume zokuhamba:
- 1386 - 1442: Ipasipoti yokuqala yadalwa yiNkosi uHenry V.
- 1643 - 1715: Inkosi uLouis XIV France amaphepha okuhamba asayiniwe awashayele ucingo "dlula port."
- 1918 kuya phambili: Amaphasipoti aba idokhumenti eyisibopho ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
- 1922 - 1938: I-League of Nations eParis yethule uhlelo "Nansen Passport" ukunciphisa ababaleki ngemva kweWWI.
- 1945 kuya phambili: Zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo yokuhamba (amaphasipoti, izimvume, i-visa yomsebenzi nokufunda, nokugada emngceleni) kwaba yimpoqo ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II.
Eminyakeni edlule, kube nezinguquko eziningi emithethweni yama-visa emhlabeni wonke. Kwezinye izimo, amazwe athile akwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi abantu bakwamanye amazwe bangene; kwezinye, izidingo zama-visa ziye zaxegiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezokuvakasha kanye nohwebo. Kodwa into eyodwa ayikashintshi: i-visa yokuhamba ibalulekile kunqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe.
Iyini i-visa yokuvakashela?
I-visa yesivakashi (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-visa yezivakashi noma i-visa yesivakashi) wuhlobo lwe-visa oluvumela umuntu wangaphandle ukuthi angene futhi ahlale ezweni isikhashana. Ama-visa ezivakashi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ibhizinisi, ezokuvakasha, ukwelashwa, izifundo ezimfushane, ukuzijabulisa, noma ukuvakashela abangani nomndeni.
Ama-visa ezivakashi ngokuvamile asebenza izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka owodwa kodwa anganwetshwa uma kunesidingo. Ukufaka isicelo se-visa yesivakashi, kufanele unikeze ubufakazi bokuthi unobudlelwane obuqinile nezwe lakini futhi uzolishiya izwe uma usuvakashile.
Iyini i-visa yomsebenzi?
I-visa yomsebenzi yimvume ekhishwe uhulumeni evumela umuntu ukuthi athathe umsebenzi okhokhelwayo kwelinye izwe. Izidingo zokuthola i-visa yomsebenzi zingahluka kuye ngezwe. Kwezinye izimo, abaqashi bangase badinge ukuxhasa abasebenzi babo ukuze bathole i-visa yomsebenzi, kanti kwezinye, kungase kudingeke ukuthi abantu ngabanye bazifakele isicelo.
Ama-visa omsebenzi ngokuvamile eza nemikhawulo ethile, njengokuthi asebenze isikhathi esithile kuphela noma avumele abanikazi ukuthi basebenze emisebenzini ethile.
Iyini i-visa yokufunda?
Ucwaningo (noma umfundi) i-visa yidokhumenti evumela umuntu wangaphandle ukuthi angene futhi ahlale ezweni ukuze afunde esikhungweni semfundo esigunyaziwe. Ngokuvamile, ukuthola i-visa yabafundi (imvume yokufunda), kufanele wamukelwe isikole, ikolishi, inyuvesi, noma esinye isikhungo semfundo esigunyaziwe ezweni.
Isidingo esibalulekile sokufaka isicelo se-visa yabafundi siwubufakazi bokuthi unemali eyanele yokukhokhela izifundo zakho kanye nezindleko zokuphila ngenkathi ubhalise esikoleni. Amanye amazwe avumela abafundi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi basebenze isikhathi esithile ngenkathi befunda, ngokuvamile amahora angu-20 ngesonto.
Kuyini ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe?
Uma sikhuluma nje, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kuyinqubo noma isenzo sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe uyohlala kwelinye izwe. Lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana noma okwesikhathi eside.
Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ngokuvamile basuke besho uhlobo lokunyakaza okuhlala njalo okuholela ekutheni othile azinze ezweni elisha, futhi Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuthola imvume ethile kuhulumeni wezwe okuyiwa kulo. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abafuna ukuthuthela e-United States kufanele bathole ikhadi eliluhlaza, elibanika isimo sokuba ngabahlali unomphela.
Imvamisa, abantu bayafuduka ngenxa yezinto eziningi zokusunduza nokudonsa. Ama-push factor asho izisusa zokushiya izwe lakubo, njengempi noma ukushushiswa, kuyilapho izici ezidonsayo ziyizinto eziheha abafuduki emazweni abawaphethe - izinto ezifana nemisebenzi noma izinga eliphezulu lempilo.
At imvublogg, sinikeza ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi kanye nama-visa okufunda, ukuvakasha noma ukuthuthela kunoma yiliphi izwe Asia, Europe, i-America esenyakatho, i-South America, i-Oceania, ne-Afrika.